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Broad spectrum antibiotics are used for treatment or prevention of bacterial infection.
Broad spectrum antibiotics Classification
Over the millennia, humanity has been exposed to infectious diseases, which claim millions of lives and were the leading cause of death. In 1929 the English microbiologist Alexander Fleming discovered the first broad spectrum antibiotics - penicillin. This was one of the greatest discoveries of the XX century. Begins a new era in biology and medicine - the era broad spectrum antibiotics. The ability broad spectrum antibiotics zithromax to fight successfully with communicable diseases, previously considered dangerous, was seen as a panacea. However, soon after the commencement of the use broad spectrum antibiotics doctors are faced with the problem - broad spectrum antibiotics - bacteria began to appear, insensitive to their action. Unfortunately, every year the number is steadily growing broad spectrum antibiotics microorganisms. This is largely due to the fact that the forgetting of caution, many people use at their discretion broad spectrum antibiotics.
What you need to know if you intend to use broad spectrum antibiotics:
* Antibiotics (zithromax) are effective only in case of bacterial infectious diseases.
Although there are several classification schemes for broad spectrum antibiotics, based on bacterial spectrum (broad versus narrow) or route of administration (injectable versus oral versus topical), or type of activity (bactericidal vs. bacteriostatic), the most useful is based on chemical structure. Broad spectrum antibiotics (zithromax) within a structural class will generally show similar patterns of effectiveness, toxicity, and allergic potential.
PENICILLINS
The penicillins are the oldest class broad spectrum antibiotics, and have a common chemical structure which they share with the cephalopsorins. The two groups are classed as the beta-lactam broad spectrum antibiotics, and are generally bacteriocidal-that is, they kill bacteria rather than inhibiting growth. The penicillins can be further subdivided. The natural pencillins are based on the original penicillin G structure; penicillinase-resistant penicillins, notably methicillin and oxacillin, are active even in the presence of the bacterial enzyme that inactivates most natural penicillins. Aminopenicillins such as ampicillin and amoxicillin have an extended broad spectrum antibiotics of action compared with the natural penicillins; extended spectrum penicillins are effective against a wider range of bacteria.
CEPHALOSPORINS
Cephalosporins and the closely related cephamycins and carbapenems, like the penicillins, contain a beta-lactam chemical structure. Consequently, there are patterns of cross-resistance and cross-allergenicity among the drugs in these classes. The "cepha" drugs are among the most diverse classes of broad spectrum antibiotics, and are themselves subgrouped into 1st, 2nd and 3rd generations. Each generation has a broad spectrum antibiotics of activity than the one before. In addition, cefoxitin, a cephamycin, is highly active against anaerobic bacteria, which offers utility in treatment of abdominal infections.
FLUROQUINOLONES
The fluroquinolones are synthetic antibacterial agents, and not derived from bacteria. They are included here because they can be readily interchanged with traditional broad spectrum antibiotics. An earlier, related class of antibacterial agents, the quinolones, were not well absorbed, and could be used only to treat urinary tract infections. The fluroquinolones, which are based on the older group, are broad-spectrum bacteriocidal drugs that are chemically unrelated to the penicillins or the cephaloprosins. They are well distributed into bone tissue, and so well absorbed that in general they are as effective by the oral route as by intravenous infusion.
TETRACYCLINES
Tetracyclines got their name because they share a chemical structure that has four rings. They are derived from a species of Streptomyces bacteria. Broad spectrum antibiotics bacteriostatic agents, the tetracyclines may be effective against a wide variety of microorganisms, including rickettsia and amebic parasites. Begins a new era in biology and medicine - the era broad spectrum antibiotics
MACROLIDES
The macrolide broad spectrum antibiotics zithromax are derived from Streptomyces bacteria, and got their name because they all have a macrocyclic lactone chemical structure. Erythromycin, the prototype of this class, has a spectrum and use similar to penicillin. Newer members of the group, azithromycin and clarithyromycin, are particularly useful for their high level of lung penetration. Clarithromycin has been widely used to treat Helicobacter pylori infections, the cause of stomach ulcers.
ZITHROMAX (azithromycin) is indicated for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate infections (pneumonia) caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the specific conditions listed below. Zithromax should not be used in patients with pneumonia who are judged to be inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors . Because Zithromax is principally eliminated via the liver, caution should be exercised when zithromax is administered to patients with impaired hepatic function.
Take broad spectrum antibiotics Zithromax exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. The dose and length of treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics Zithromax may not be the same for every type of infection. Take each tablet or capsule with a full glass (8 ounces) of water.
To use the oral suspension single dose packet:
Open the packet and pour the medicine into 2 ounces of water. Stir this mixture and drink all of it right away. Do not save for later use. Throw away any mixed Zithromax oral suspension that has not been used within 12 hours. To make sure you get the entire dose, add a little more water to the same glass, swirl gently and drink right away. Zithromax capsules must be taken on an empty stomach. Take the capsule at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating a meal. Zithromax tablets or powder oral suspension may be taken with or without food. Take the tablet or oral suspension with food if the medicine disorders your stomach.
OTHERS
Other classes -broad spectrum antibiotics include the aminoglycosides, which are particularly useful for their effectiveness in treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections; the lincosamindes, clindamycin and lincomycin, which are highly active against anaerobic pathogens. There are other, individual broad spectrum antibiotic which may have utility in specific infections.
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